The triangle shows the portion of the visible spectrum covered by Adobe RGB. While most high-end cameras can capture Adobe RGB, only very expensive monitors can display a large portion of it. It’s mainly used by professional photographers and videographers. The Adobe RGB color profile is designed to display a wider range of the visual spectrum than sRGB. The triangle shows the portion of the visible spectrum covered by DCI-P3. It’s also the profile used by a lot of HDR 4K TVs. The iPhone 7, 8, and X all have a screen that can support the DCI-P3 color gamut. DCI-P3 has a wider color gamut (which means it can display a wider variety of shades of color) than sRGB. The DCI-P3 color profile has been used for decades by the film industry, and is starting to crop up in consumer products. The triangle in this image represents the portion of the visible spectrum that sRGB covers. In other words, unless you’re getting into specialized uses, sRGB is likely the only color profile you’re going to run into. It’s also the standard profile used on the web. Most monitors are designed to display a significant portion of that profile. SRGB is the color profile used by 99% of the images you encounter. Different color profiles make different tradeoff decisions in the colors they include. This means some trade offs have to be made with the 16.7 million colors we represent. Monitors are still a long way off from displaying the full visual spectrum (although modern cameras are a lot closer to being able to capture it). But the question is, which 16.7 million colors to use? This is where a color profile comes in. With the RGB color model, we can display (or capture) 16.7 million colors.
A deep dive is a little beyond the scope of this article, but if you want to learn more, check out our intro to image channels. That color space works essentially the same, but combines four colors instead of three. If you have a high end printer, or work with designers, you might occasionally run into the CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Keyline) color model as well. RGB isn’t the only color space, but it’s the one used for digital applications. RELATED: RGB? CMYK? Alpha? What Are Image Channels and What Do They Mean? This means there are 256 possible values (0 to 255) for each of the red, green, and blue channels, providing a total of 16,777,216 possible colors. Outside of niche professional uses, most RGB colors are given in an 8-bit per channel format. In the image above, you can see how purple, turquoise, a light red, and yellow are created by combining different amounts of red, green, and blue. They can represent any color just by combining different values of red, green, and blue-hence the name RGB. While there are essentially infinite possible colors, cameras and monitors can’t distinguish between them all.
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